erratic reading

1) General subject: excursive reading, pickup reading, random reading

2) Advertising: pick-up reading

3) Makarov: erratic reading

m < msr> ■ erratic reading

monitoring.

1 monitor, display unit.

2 monitor, instructor, tutor, admonitor.

* * *

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (profesor) instructor

► nombre masculino monitor

1 (pantalla) monitor, screen

► nombre masculino

1 (pantalla) monitor, screen

* * *

1) instructor

2) monitor

* * *

SM / F (=persona) (Dep) instructor, coach; [de gira] group leader

SM (tb Inform, Téc) monitor

* * *

- tora masculino, femenino

1)

a) (CS) (Dep)

b) (Educ) ( en la escuela) (RPl) monitor; ( en la universidad) (Col) student who acts as an assistant teacher

2) monitor masculino (Inf, Med, Tec) monitor

* * *

= instructor, video terminal, display unit, monitor, VDU (Visual Display Unit), CRT terminal, video display.

Ex. Its effectiveness has been erratic because of rapid turnover of instructors.

Ex. Access to the system is through video terminals and by telex.

Ex. People are more used to going up for a closer look at an interesting feature on an object rather than selecting a close up photograph from some high-tech display unit.

Ex. At any point in your search, you can either view the records you have retrieved on your monitor or print them on your printer.

Ex. A visual display unit (VDU) is a unit used to display data from a computer onto a screen.

Ex. A CRT terminal is American terminology for a visual display unit (qv).

Ex. Microforms can be read by means of optically magnifying reading devices, or by equipment which presents the magnified image on a video display.

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* monitor de ordenador = CRT screen, CRT display screen.

* monitor de pantalla plana = flat-screen monitor, flatscreen display.

* monitor monocromo = monochrome monitor.

* pantalla del monitor = VDU screen.

* tubo de monitor = tube.

* * *

- tora masculino, femenino

1)

a) (CS) (Dep)

b) (Educ) ( en la escuela) (RPl) monitor; ( en la universidad) (Col) student who acts as an assistant teacher

2) monitor masculino (Inf, Med, Tec) monitor

* * *

* * *

A (persona)

1 ( Dep):

monitor de esquí ski instructor

monitor de esgrima fencing coach o instructor

monitor de tenis tennis coach

es monitor en una piscina he's a swimming instructor

es monitor en un campamento juvenil he's a monitor at a summer camp

2 ( Educ) (en la escuela) ( RPl) monitor; (en la universidad) ( Col) student who acts as an assistant teacher

monitor masculine (aparato)

1 ( Inf) monitor

2 ( Med, Tec) monitor

* * *

◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino

a) (CS) (Dep):

◊ monitor de esquí/natación ski/swimming instructor;

b) (Educ) ( en la escuela) (RPl) monitor;

◊ monitor sustantivo masculino (Inf, Med, Tec) monitor

* * *

♦ nm,f

monitor de esquí skiing instructor;

monitor de tenis tennis coach

♦ nm

monitor en color colour monitor

* * *

1 m TV, INFOR monitor

2 m, monitora f ( profesor) instructor

* * *

monitor, - tora n

: instructor (in sports)

monitor nm

: monitor

monitor de televisión: television monitor

* * *

monitor n

1. (persona) instructor

2. (pantalla) monitor

changeable, variable.

variable (Mat).

* * *

► adjetivo

1 variable, changeable

► nombre femenino

1 MATEMÁTICAS variable

* * *

* * *

ADJ (gen) variable, changeable; (Mat, Inform) variable

SF (Mat, Inform) variable

* * *

adjetivo <carácter/humor> changeable

femenino variable

* * *

= changeable, variable, variable, capricious.

Ex. A child's set about books and reading may be deeply ingrained as a result or earlier reading experiences, or it may be temporary and changeable.

Ex. Yet another variable factor is the growing presence of full text data bases.

Ex. The report of this study emphasizes that some of the variables are hard to control.

Ex. Panizzi introduced what seemed to his critics unwarranted and capricious complications calculated to make the catalog much more difficult for the librarian to prepare and the reader to use.

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* clave de longitud variable = variable-length key.

* compuesto de variables = piecewise.

* con variables = piecewise.

* que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.

* variable endógena = endogenous variable.

* variable exógena = exogenous variable.

* variable aleatoria de lógica difusa = fuzzy random variable.

* * *

adjetivo <carácter/humor> changeable

femenino variable

* * *

* * *

‹carácter/humor› changeable

tiempo variable unsettled o changeable o variable weather

variable

* * *

◊ tiempo variable unsettled o changeable weather

* * *

♦ adj

changeable, variable

♦ nf

* * *

I adj variable; tiempo changeable

II f MAT variable

* * *

variable adj & nf

: variable

♦ variabilidad nf

* * *

variable adj changeable

1 professor, teacher, schoolteacher, schoolmaster.

2 professor, faculty member, faculty.

* * *

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (de enseñanza media) teacher; (de universidad) lecturer

\

profesor,-ra particular private tutor

* * *

1) teacher

2) professor

* * *

1) (=enseñante) [gen] teacher; (=instructor) instructor

2) (Escol) teacher

3) (Univ) (=titular) lecturer, professor (EEUU); (=catedrático) professor

* * *

- sora masculino, femenino ( de escuela secundaria) teacher, schoolteacher; ( de universidad) professor (AmE), lecturer (BrE)

* * *

= educator, teacher, examiner, schoolteacher, academician, class teacher, teacher educator, faculty member.

Ex. I believe very, very firmly that librarians are educators.

Ex. For example a set of slides for use by teachers may be indexed according to alphabetical subject headings.

Ex. There is an old joke that examiners in economics need never set the candidates new question papers because the answers change every year = Existe una vieja broma que dice que los profesores de económicas nunca necesitan ponerle a los alumnos nuevas preguntas de examen ya que las respuestas cambian cada año.

Ex. Parents place great emphasis on the acquisition of reading skills, at times pressing so hard on their children that schoolteachers have to try to reduce that pressure = Los padres ponen un gran énfasis en la adquisición de la capacidad de leer, a veces presionando tanto a sus hijos que los profesores tienen que intentar reducir esta presión.

Ex. BITNET and Internet are parts of a worldwide computer network for researchers, academicians, and information professionals.

Ex. Her class teacher began it all by putting on an exhibition of about thirty of the best picture books in the school's infant-class library books for the five-to-seven-year- olds = Todo empezó con la exposición que montó su profesora de los treinta mejores cuentos de los libros de la biblioteca de la clase de primaria para los niños de cinco a siete años.

Ex. The recommendations, legislation, and proposed changes that have resulted have created consternation, frustration, and optimism among teacher educators.

Ex. LIBR (short for library) is used in English-speaking faculty members or employees who wish to access the library from their own terminals.

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* Consejo Nacional de Profesores de Inglés = National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).

* despacho de profesor = faculty office.

* interinidad como profesor = faculty tenure.

* plaza de profesor = professorship.

* profesor académico = faculty member.

* profesor asociado = assistant professor.

* profesor ayudante = teaching assistant, teacher aide.

* profesor-bibliotecario = teacher-librarian.

* profesor de autoescuela = driving instructor.

* profesor de biblioteconomía = library educator.

* profesor de educación básica = school teacher.

* profesor de universidad = university faculty, university lecturer.

* profesor emérito = emeritus professor, professor emeritus.

* profesor encargado de la biblioteca = teacher-librarian.

* profesor en prácticas = in-service teacher.

* profesores = faculty.

* profesor invitado = fellow, visiting professor, visiting lecturer, visiting scholar, visiting fellow.

* profesor titular = associate professor.

* profesor titular interino = assistant professor, lecturer.

* profesor universitario = professor, academic, college educator, university educator, university instructor.

* reunión de profesores = faculty meeting.

* sala de profesores = faculty common room.

* * *

- sora masculino, femenino ( de escuela secundaria) teacher, schoolteacher; ( de universidad) professor (AmE), lecturer (BrE)

* * *

* * *

(de escuela secundaria) teacher, schoolteacher; (de universidad) professor ( AmE), lecturer ( BrE)

profesor de piano/guitarra piano/guitar teacher

es profesora de gimnasia she's a physical education teacher

tiene un profesor particular he has a private tutor

masculine, feminine agregado

masculine, feminine part-time professor ( AmE) o ( BrE) lecturer

( Esp) certified public accountant ( AmE), chartered accountant ( BrE)

* * *

◊ - sora sustantivo masculino, femenino ( de escuela secundaria) teacher, schoolteacher;

◊ tiene un profesor particular he has a private tutor

* * *

profesor, -ora nm,f

1. [de colegio, academia] teacher;

profesor de historia/música history/music teacher

profesor particular (private) tutor;

profesor suplente Br supply teacher, US substitute teacher

2. [de universidad] Br lecturer, US professor

profesor ayudante = university lecturer who is also studying for their PhD;

profesor emérito professor emeritus, emeritus professor;

profesor invitado visiting Br lecturer o US professor;

profesor titular Br lecturer, US professor [with tenure]

* * *

m, profesora f teacher; de universidad professor, Br

lecturer;

profesor de educación infantil kindergarten teacher

* * *

profesor, - sora n

1) maestro: teacher

2) : professor

* * *

profesor n

1. (de escuela) teacher

2. (de universidad) lecturer

* * *

adj accidental ( fx similarity, meeting),

(kun foran sb) chance ( fx acquaintance, discovery, meeting);

F fortuitous;

( uden bestemt hensigt) casual ( fx acquaintance, crime, meeting, remark);

( lejlighedsvis) occasional ( fx visits);

( spredt) stray ( fx remarks, shots, visitors);

(foretaget el. valgt på må og få) random ( fx choice, examples, selection, shot), chosen at random ( fx they went into a house chosen at random),

(neds) haphazard ( fx arrangement; in a haphazard way),

F desultory ( fx reading; in a desultory way);

[tilfældigt adv], se tilfældigvis,

(= på må og få) at random ( fx scattered at random);

[ tilfældigt valgt] chosen at random, randomly chosen;

[ et tilfældigt valgt udsnit] a random sample;

[ ganske (el. rent) tilfældigt] by a mere (el. the merest) chance, by sheer accident, quite accidentally;

[ det var rent tilfældigt] it was a mere chance, it was a mere (el. pure) coincidence;

[ tilfældigt arbejde] odd jobs;

[ en tilfældig mand] some man;

[ tilfældige omstændigheder] unforeseen (, chance, F: adventitious) circumstances.

 A thermocouple placed in the stream was found to give erratic readings.

 The wattmeter reading was corrected to take account of ohmic dissipation in small segments of heating wire that lay outside the grooves.

 The indications of the two thermocouples under calibration differed by amounts corresponding to temperature differences less than 0.02 K.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

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